Newcastle Corporation Transport No. 102

Newcastle 102 on a test run at Town End, photo: Jim Dignan on 26th May 2023

Newcastle 102 has been described as a tram that should never have been built at all; and its current guise is a product of evolution and adaptation rather than conscious design. The original concept dates back to the early days of tramway operation when several North American tramways operated fleets of summer and winter-bodied tramcars that often shared the same trucks and equipment.

This idea evidently appealed to Newcastle Corporation, which ordered from Hurst Nelson of Motherwell in 1901 thirty single-deck open-sided tramcar bodies with clerestory roofs that could be placed in summer on the bogie trucks of some of their saloon single deckers. The original design of these bodies – known on the Continent as ‘jardinière’ – consisted of normal end platforms and centre gangways, but very low side panels that were equipped with roller shutters for use in bad weather.

Unfortunately, the bodies were delivered in the late summer and autumn of 1902. This was too late for them to be used that year and, while waiting for the next summer season to arrive, the transport committee appear to have had a change of heart that was no doubt prompted in part by local climatic considerations. Accordingly, they decided to rebuild the ‘spare’ bodies as open-topped double deck bogie cars. These would not only be better suited to Newcastle’s unpredictable weather, at least for lower deck passengers. but also offered much higher occupancy levels.

Sister car 103. M.J. O’Connor, date unknown

Newcastle 102 was one of the first rebuilds of the new F-class that emerged from this conversion process and, with an official maximum capacity of 84 seats plus 18 standing, it was one of the largest tramcars to operate in Britain.

This increased capacity proved invaluable for conveying large numbers of dockers to work and back and also on race days. Indeed six Class F cars are reported to have moved 1,000 people on one particular race day at Gosforth Park. (No fewer than sixteen double deck buses would have been required to shift the same number).

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102 in Gosforth Park. W.A. Camwell, date unknown.

In 1916, the tramcar was involved in a ‘runaway’ accident in Byker and had to be extensively repaired. It also sustained an electrical fire in 1943, causing it to be completely rewired. Apart from this unscheduled remedial attention and an occasional repaint, the tram performed reliably for almost half a century with only a single major overhaul, in 1933, despite its heavy workload.

Sister car 103. M.J. O’Connor, date unknown.

Newcastle 102 was withdrawn from service in February 1949 and acquired by the tramway committee of the Light Rail Transport League (fore-runner of the Tramway Museum Society) even though there was no dedicated storage space in which to house it.

Temporary accommodation was initially provided by Bury Corporation until they needed the space to house their buses. In 1958 the tram was put on display at the then Montagu Motor Museum in Beaulieu, where it proved a very popular exhibit alongside Southampton 45..

Once the Tramway Museum Society had finally acquired its own premises, the process of restoration could finally begin, but because of space constraints at Crich much of the work was done at the Byker depot in Newcastle between 1967 and 1970, when the car was moved to the museum’s off-site storage facility for completion of its restoration.

Newcastle 102 pictured at Wakebridge on 21st June 1975. Photo courtesy of Crich TMS photo archive

It was finally brought to Crich in 1975, where it was formally launched on 21 June with the aid of a bottle of Newcastle Brown, which was broken on its bumpers, to the accompaniment of the Teversal Colliery brass band.

102 in operation at Crich with Prague 180 in background. Richard Lomas, 1976

Thereafter the tramcar helped to earn its keep as part of the operating fleet (albeit somewhat sporadically) between 1975 and 2000. It paid a brief return visit to its native home town in November 1981, when it was exhibited in a transport cavalcade to mark the opening of the Tyne and Wear Metro.

It then enjoyed a moment of glory in 1990 when it was selected as one of three Crich trams to provide a regular passenger service at the Gateshead garden festival in that year.

102 at the Gateshead Garden Festival in 1990. Richard Lomas.

The tramcar was withdrawn from service with a broken axle in 2000, since when it has been on static display, firstly in the Great Exhibition Hall and then, more recently, in the depots.

On 30th June 2018, however, 102 entered the workshop for a programme of extensive repair work that also aimed to restore it to the condition it was in during the 1930s, after the fitting of airbrakes. The work has taken longer than expected but the overhaul is now complete. The tramcar should finally return to operational service once a minor modification has been made to improve safety for upper deck passengers in line with modern safety standards.

102 in the workshop at the start of a major overhaul, 7/9/2018. Photo: Jim Dignan

Specification

Type of tram: Open-topped double deck electric passenger tram with enclosed lower saloons (class F)
Livery: Crimson lake and ivory with lemon chrome panel lining
Seating capacity: 84 (48 on top deck; 36 downstairs with additional authorised standing room for 18 passengers in the lower deck saloon) Originally built in 1901 as a single-deck tramcar with seating for 36 passengers.
Date built: 1901
Date entered service: End of 1903 after extensive rebuilding
Manufacturer of body: Single deck tramcar bodies originally supplied by Hurst Nelson. Rebuilt by Newcastle Corporation incorporating metal components obtained from Brush Electrical Engineering Co. of Loughborough.
Manufacturer of truck: Brill 27G2 bogies
Gauge: 4’ 8½”
Motor: 2x GE 203N 40hp Originally equipped with 4x25hp GE 58 motors
Controller: BTH B18 Originally equipped with B13 controllers
Current collector: Trolley
Modification: 1903 – rebuilt by Newcastle Corporation; the single-deck body was originally open sided and built to a jardinière design. It was rebuilt as an open-topped double decker and placed on Brill 27G bogie trucks.
1933 – original hand brakes replaced by B.T.H. air brakes and B18 controllers replaced the originals. New motors were also provided to replace the original 30 hp motors.
1939 the original wire mesh above the upper deck decency panels was replaced by higher solid timber panelling. Rewiring following an electrical fire
Withdrawn from service: February 1949
Subsequent history: Following withdrawal no. 102 was temporarily housed in Bury before being put on open-air display in 1958 at the Montague Motor Museum in Beaulieu.
Restoration history: The tramcar was then moved back to its home turf at Byker Depot for restoration in March 1967, though this task was only completed after a further move to the museum’s off-site storage facility in April 1970. Its final move, to Crich, took place in 1975.
Current status: Was initially restored to operational condition but has been out of action for a time. Currently awaiting minor modification before returning to the operational fleet.
Date started operating at Crich: 1975. Has operated in 11 seasons, most recently in 2000.
Total mileage covered at Crich: 5,304 at Crich plus 1257 at Gateshead Garden Festival in 1990.
Current location: Museum workshop
Future plans: Has recently been comprehensively overhauled in the workshop with a view to returning it to operational condition.

Timeline

1901 – 1903Undergoing reconstruction before entering service
1903 – 1949Operational on original tramway
1949 – 1958In storage
1958 – 1967On display at Montagu Motor Museum in Beaulieu
1967 – 1975Undergoing restoration
1975 – 2000Operational at Crich apart from a brief sojourn to the Gateshead Garden Festival in 1990
2001 – 2018On display at Crich
2018 –Undergoing repairs to return it to operational condition

Newcastle Corporation Transport No. 102

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